On this day in 1789, President George Washington signed the Judiciary Act, laying the foundation of America’s federal court system. This pivotal moment also established the post of attorney general, ensuring a vital legal framework for the young nation.
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In 1869, the infamous Wall Street panic, “Black Friday,” devastated thousands of businessmen. The crash followed an ill-fated attempt by financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk to corner the gold market, sparking financial chaos that reverberated across the economy.
In 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt took a bold step in conservation by declaring Devil’s Tower in Wyoming the nation’s first national monument. This act signaled the beginning of a broader movement to preserve America’s natural landmarks for future generations.
In 1957, Brooklyn bid farewell to an era as the Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field. The Los Angeles-bound team closed the chapter with a 2-0 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates, marking the end of an iconic period in New York baseball history.
In 1960, a new era of naval power was born as the USS Enterprise, the world’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, launched from Newport News, Virginia. The ship’s capabilities represented a turning point in naval warfare and strategic defense.
In 1963, the U.S. Senate ratified a landmark treaty with Britain and the Soviet Union, curbing the nuclear arms race by limiting nuclear testing. This treaty set a precedent for international cooperation on issues of global security during a tense period in the Cold War.
In 1968, CBS introduced viewers to “60 Minutes,” a news magazine that would revolutionize broadcast journalism. Over the decades, the show became synonymous with investigative reporting and in-depth analysis, shaping the media landscape.
In 1969, the trial of the Chicago Eight began, a case stemming from protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. The trial, later known as the Chicago Seven, highlighted the deep political and social divisions of the time. Though five were initially convicted, those convictions were later overturned, symbolizing the volatile intersection of protest and justice in America.
In 1988, Jackie Joyner-Kersee cemented her legacy at the Seoul Summer Olympics, winning gold in the women’s heptathlon and setting a world record. Her achievement remains a milestone in the history of women’s athletics, inspiring generations of athletes.
In 2013, a powerful 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck southwest Pakistan, leaving devastation in its wake. The quake claimed the lives of at least 376 people and reshaped the region, creating a new island off the coast.
In 2015, tragedy struck the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mina, Saudi Arabia, when a stampede led to the deaths of hundreds of Muslim pilgrims. While the official death toll was recorded at 769, reports from The Associated Press suggested the number exceeded 2,400, making it one of the deadliest disasters in pilgrimage history.
In 2017, a wave of protests swept across the NFL as over 200 players kneeled or sat during the national anthem in response to remarks made by President Donald Trump. His criticism sparked a national debate on the intersection of sports, protest, and free speech.
In 2022, Russian forces launched a new series of strikes on Ukrainian cities. Simultaneously, Kremlin-orchestrated votes were held in occupied regions of Ukraine, setting the stage for a controversial annexation by Moscow, further escalating tensions in the ongoing conflict.
Today in History: November 15
Today in History: November 15: On Nov. 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation. In 1806, explorer Zebulon Pike sighted the mountaintop now known as Pikes Peak in present-day Colorado. In 1864, late in the U.S. Civil War, Union forces led by Major General William Tecumseh Sherman began their “March to the Sea.” In 1988 The Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the State of Palestine.
Today in History: November 14
Today in History: November 14. On November 14, 1889, journalist Nellie Bly began an attempt to travel around the world in 80 days; she would successfully complete the journey in just over 72 days. In 1851, Herman Melville’s novel ‘Moby-Dick; Or, The Whale’ was published in the United States, almost a month after being released in Britain. In 1960, six-year-old Ruby Bridges became the first Black child to desegregate William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. In 1965, the U.S. Army’s first major military operation of the Vietnam War began with the start of the five-day Battle of Ia Drang.In 1993, Miami Dolphins coach Don Shula became the NFL’s all-time winningest coach with a victory over the Philadelphia Eagles.
Today in History: November 13
Today in History: November 13:On Nov. 13, 2015, Islamic State militants carried out a set of coordinated attacks in Paris at the national stadium, in a crowded concert hall, in restaurants and on streets, killing 130 people in the worst attack on French soil since World War II. In 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling which found Alabama bus segregation laws were illegal. In 1971, the U.S. space probe Mariner 9 went into orbit around Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. In 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated on the National Mall in Washington, DC. In 1985, some 23,000 residents of Armero, Colombia, died when a volcanic mudslide buried the city. In 2001, U.S.-backed Northern Alliance fighters in Afghanistan entered Kabul as Taliban forces retreated from the capital city.
Today in History: November 12
Today in History: On November 12: 1954, Ellis Island officially closed as an immigration station and detention center. More than 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States via Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. In 1927, Josef Stalin became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union as Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party. In 1936, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opened as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressed a telegraph key in Washington, D.C., and gave the green light to traffic. In 1948, former Japanese premier Hideki Tojo and several other World War II Japanese leaders were sentenced to death by a war crimes tribunal. In 1970, the Bhola cyclone struck East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. The deadliest tropical cyclone on record claimed the lives of an estimated 300,000-500,000 people.
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